wholesale jewelry from china What is the five major investment banks in Wall Street?

doraville ga wholesale jewelry The five major investment banks in Wall Street are Goldman Sachs, Morgan, Merrillin, Lehman Brothers, and Belsden.
1, Goldman Sachs: Goldman Sachs was founded by German immigration Marcus Goldman in 1869. During the 1990s to the First World War, the investment banking business began. It is one of the oldest and largest investment banks in the world.
The headquarters is located in New York and has branches in Tokyo, London and Hong Kong to provide extensive investment, consulting and financial services to the world, and has a large number of multi -industry customers.
2, JP Morgan: Morgan Stanley, an international financial service company established in New York, USA, provides a variety of financial services including securities, asset management, corporate merger and reorganization, and credit cards. Currently, more than 600 in 27 countries around the world There are representative offices in this city, with a total of more than 50,000 employees.
3, Merrill Lynch: Meilin is one of the world's most famous securities retailers and investment banks, headquartered in New York, USA. As one of the world's largest financial management consulting companies, it occupies a place in the name of the financial world.
4, Lehman brothers: one of the world's most powerful stocks and bond underwriters and traders. At the same time, the company also serves as an important financial adviser of a number of multinational companies and governments around the world, and has a number of international best analysts in the industry.
5, Belsden: Founded in 1923, headquartered in New York, is the fifth largest investment bank in Wall Street, USA. It is one of the top 500 companies in the world. It is a world -leading financial service company. Enterprises, institutions and individuals provide services.
The expansion information:
Morgan consortium has a strong foundation in the financial industry. The main pillar is J. P. P. Morgan. There are 10 subsidiaries and many branches in China, and more than 1,000 communications banks.
The branch or representative offices in about 20 large cities abroad, and owned equity in financial institutions in nearly 40 countries.
This controls the equity of 37 foreign commercial banks, development banks, investment companies and other companies.
The main aspects of industrial and mining companies include international commercial machinery companies, General Electric Corporation, International Telegraph Corporation, American Iron and Steel Corporation, and General Motor Company;

jewelry wholesale rio 1. Goldman Sachs: ranked first. Founded in 1869, Goldman Sachs is one of the oldest and largest investment banking institutions in the world. After operating by the partner system for 130 years, Gao Sheng was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in May 1999. By early 2004, its stock market was worth $ 50 billion. Goldman Sachs headquarters is located in New York, with branches in more than 20 countries around the world, and uses Hong Kong, London, Frankfurt and Tokyo as the regional headquarters.

2. Morgan Stanley: ranked second. Originally the investment department in JP Morgan. In 1933, the United States will pass the Glass-Steagall Act through the Glas-Steagall Act to prohibit the company's at the same time providing commercial banks and investment banking services. Established in New York on September 5, 1935. JP Morgan turned to pure commercial banks.

On September 21, 2008, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley announced that it will be restructured by the current investment bank to a bank holding company.

3. Meilin Securities: ranked third. Merrill Lynch Securities was established in 1885 with capital as high as US $ 23.5 billion. Among the 500 large companies in the world's 500 large companies, it ranks first in the securities industry. Bank of America reached an agreement with Meilin Securities on September 14, 2008, and will acquire Merrill Lynch Securities with a 94 -year history for about $ 44 billion.

4. Lehman brothers: ranked fourth. Founded in 1850, it is a comprehensive and diversified investment bank that provides services for the financial needs of global companies, institutions, governments and investors. There are offices in 48 cities around the world, forming a close connection network. This network is coordinated by the world headquarters located in New York and regional headquarters located in London, Tokyo and Hong Kong. On September 15, 2008, the Lehman brothers announced the application for bankruptcy protection.

5. Belsden: ranked fifth. Established in 1923, one of the world's largest investment banks and securities trading companies. One of the global top 500 companies is a world -leading financial service company that provides services to governments, enterprises, institutions and individuals around the world. On March 16, 2008, Morgan Chase announced that it would acquire opponent Barston with a bid at $ 2 per share, with a total price of about 236 million US dollars.

silver marcasite jewelry wholesale I answered it, just 5 days from September 15th to 20th this year, it is undoubtedly a week that shocked the world. The Wall Street Financial Layer, which has been gradually formed in the past 200 years, is undergoing great changes in "carpet". Bankruptcy and alternative mergers and acquisitions are the keywords of Wall Street this week. Lehman Brothers, with a glorious history of 158 years, fell down, Merrill Lynch Group Yizhuo Bank of America, Damo also passed on seeking mergers; insurance giants, USA International Group (AIG), was finally aid by the government; Banks are also looking for buyers to avoid bankruptcy and hard work ... There are more bad news on the road on the road. Wall Street financial institutions, which once proudly created wealth and capital myths, have now been panic globally.

The end of the giant era

"The current situation is extremely confusing, not just fear. People who have written business news for many years have never seen Such a situation. "Fortune magazine reporter Andy Serwer said in a report.

The dramatic scenes in Wall Street were staged by Wall Street this week. On September 14, Merrill Lynch Group, the third largest investment bank in the United States, sold to the United States for a total of US $ 50 billion. On the 15th, the fourth largest investment bank Lehman brothers announced bankruptcy protection and created the world's largest bankruptcy case. Subsequently, British Bank of England announced that approximately $ 1.75 billion acquired Lehman's investment banking business in North America.

It again to March a few months ago, Lehman and Merrill Lynch's "difficult brothers and brothers" Belsden were forced to sell to JP Morgan Chase for ultra -low prices for being caught in a financial crisis. At this point, the three of the five major investment banks in Wall Street in the past have no longer existed, and only Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley still "survived" as independent.

The although Goldman Sachs and Damo have announced the quarterly reports that are better than expected this week, with the deterioration of the situation in the past few days, investors and customers are more worried about the fate of these two "survivors". John Obrin, senior vice president of MKM Partners, said: "Everyone is worried about who is the next. It feels like everyone reads the ledger and discusses who is the next goal that can be short. n
rumors of the market on the market in the past two days. It is rumored that Damo is in contact with the fourth largest commercial bank in the United States to discuss the possibility of mergers. It is also reported that Morgan Stanley is negotiating with China CITIC Group, and other possible acquirers also include HSBC.

The people in the market believe that in the environment where leverage operation and risk preferences are reduced, the era of investment banks (188,4.34,2.37%, bar) has passed. Without the savings of commercial banks for guarantee, huge risk exposure seemed to be weak under the financial crisis. If you want to survive, alliance with traditional commercial banks may be the magic weapon of investment banks. Commercial banks and investment banks separated from risk control at the beginning of the last century may re -unify due to the crisis in the early new century.

The financial monster

before the crisis broke out, residential mortgage bonds (MBS), mortgage guarantee bonds (CMO), guarantee bonds related to sub -mortgage loans, Derivatives such as the voucher (CDO) are also hot crickets in the market, but now they have become financial monsters that make people talk about.

"What are these derivative tools? What are the basic assets? Where are their risks? In fact, no one knows." Say.

Is when the secondary loan was in the middle of the 1990s, the Lehman brothers were the first Wall Street Investment Bank to actively advance to this field. In 1995, the Lehman brothers provided financing to the First Alliance mortgage company and underwritten the subprime -loan -related securities. Although the First Alliance later, due to poor risk control and investigation by the regulatory authorities and finally closed, Lehman continued to merge other secondary mortgage loan companies. Since then, Merrillin, Belsden and other institutions have followed Lehman and acquired sub -loans through different channels to meet their securitization appetite.

. The monetary policy adopted by the Fed in the Green Pan era made this capital game completely evolved into a gambling. Cao Honghui, director of the Financial Market Research Office of the Institute of Finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that after 2001, the Fed implemented a low interest rate policy. At the same time, the US housing prices rose strongly and the scale of subprime loans expanded rapidly. The US dollar, coupled with the irrational prosperity of real estate and the enthusiasm for investment in securities such as MBS and CDO. This not only causes prosperity, but also has a crisis.

Is when the loan company has a lot of income, investment banks also make a lot of money. However, when the Fed gradually increased interest rates in June 2004, the interest rate of housing loans also increased accordingly, and the situation began to reverse. Interest rates increase the pressure of the original qualifications that are not so good. When the loan interest rate is redesigned with the decline in housing prices, the rise in default rate is inevitable.

Under the high leverage effect, the doubling of the enlarged loan derivatives encountered severe risk exposure. Belsden and Lehman, who had led the mortgage securities in absorbing and issuing mortgage securities, were the most impacting. Until August, Lehman's account had $ 50 billion in mortgage -related securities.

Wang Jun said: "Even if financial institution executives and directors may not understand the true meaning of these financial derivatives. In this case, how to manage and control risks in financial institutions is undoubtedly a challenge. It may be possible. Even financial institutions often have doubts. "

While risk spread

The financial crisis that started one year ago is now entering a more severe new stage Essence The Wall Street Journal pointed out that the recent turmoil did not largely derive the default of sub -mortgage loans, but from CDS (Credit Defense Sales), that is, insurance companies such as AIG sold to those companies that seeks default protection for protection. Insurance contracts.

The CDS market today is 100 times that of 2001, with a scale of $ 6.2 trillion. As the main participant of CDS, Lehman's impact on CDS is self -evident. If a chain reaction occurs, it may lead to the huge unprepared risk exposure of some investors. The premiums of the CDS bond market have reached a record high recently, which also means that the bond market's unbelievable degree of non -trust in US corporate bonds has reached unprecedented.

The hedge funds are relying on borrowing funds to expand their income. Because various banks are facing pressure, the sources of such funds from many hedge funds are blocked, which has squeezed their profits. In addition, the number of investors steering from hedge funds is decreasing, and some people are withdrawn. These may lead to more hedge funds in the future and have to sell investment, thereby further exacerbating market pressure.

The US financial turmoil swept coming, and the Chinese economy cannot be alone.

In overnight, the financial tsunami strikes, and the chain effect of the subprime crisis completely breaks the myth of Wall Street.

The financial turmoil caused by the losses caused by the decline in US houses, loans and other losses related to house -related assets, and the momentum of aggressive sweeping has aroused strong concerns of investors. One after another. China, which is gradually integrated into the global financial system, the economic development model is still outgoing. The total import and export value exceeds 60%of the GDP. With the end of the US national borrowing money consumption model, "Made in China" will be affected. So, will the financial crisis on the other side of the ocean dragging China also dragged China? Relevant experts believe that the financial turmoil will impact the Chinese economy from two aspects: market confidence and external environment.

In impact one ??

US consumption reduction affects China's exports

The closure of Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch were acquired and started last year The subprime mortgage crisis is in the same vein. From the perspective of many experts, this incident is only a wave of waves in the entire crisis process. It should not be interpreted. The impact on the Chinese economy is actually the impact of the subprime crisis on China's macroeconomic impact. continue.

The deputy director of the World Financial Research Office of the World Economic and Political Research Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences, Zhang Bin said in an interview with this reporter that he can understand the crisis from exports and imports. influences.

The exports, it can be expected that the external environment of my country's macroeconomics will be more severe due to the financial turmoil that sweeps Wall Street. According to the import and export data of the General Administration of Customs, in the first eight months of this year, the decline in my country's foreign trade exports has slowed down. As the United States is the largest export market in Chinese goods, China ’s foreign trade exports have been rushing to high in July to July. The growth rate will be tested. Zhang Bin said that the decline in foreign consumers means that foreign consumers have declined at the same time as high value -added products and low value -added products. In this environment, exporters are likely to have no dynamic innovation technology, but are forced to maintain market share by lowering product prices, which may cause further deterioration of China's export enterprises' trade conditions.

Zhang Bin analyzed at the same time that due to the impact of this financial crisis, the US economy still possibly decline in the second half of the year, which leads to its national consumption capacity and consumer desire to continue to decrease, and investment expenditures will increase. "This is not a good news for China's foreign trade exports." If the consumption demand of the United States has decreased and the manufacturing industry gradually restores its vitality due to increasing investment, it will inevitably reduce the number of imports from China.

In impact two ??

In the cost of imported goods in China

imported from the financial turmoil, which is closely related to the US dollar exchange rate At present, almost all commodities in the international market are priced at the US dollar. The strength of the US dollar trend determines the level of commodity price trends. From the data that can The price of goods declined, which is good news for China who requires a large amount of resource -based products. The "two -bedroom" in charge of the US financial market has seriously affected the trend of the US dollar exchange rate and the confidence of the holder.

The deputy dean of the School of Economics and professor of financial science at the School of Economics of Fudan University also believes that although the US economic situation performed in the second quarter, it is better than expected and shows sufficient toughness. In the case of strong exports, in the case of financial turmoil and weakening domestic demand, the US government will continue to promote exports under the "vulnerable dollar" and reserve room for further interest rate cuts to the Fed.

Zhang Bin said that although the mid -to -long period is still optimistic about the strong US economy and the US dollar exchange rate, the policy of weak US dollars in the short term seems to be recognized by the market. In this way, crude oil, iron ore and other resources The price of sexual products will be pushed again, and the cost of imports of large commodities pricing in my country will also increase.

In impact three ??

The hitting the confidence of the domestic financial market

director of the China Banking Research Center of Central University of Finance and Economics, Guo Tianyong, said that the Lehman Brothers Company Bankruptcy It is the continuation of the US subprime debt crisis, and the losses and vibrations that bring financial institutions are quite large. The five major investment banks Wall Street have strong investment and research teams, assets exceeding hundreds of billions of dollars, and information resources are extremely rich. Such large investment banks have also closed down one after another. It illustrates the severity of this crisis. "Different financial institutions have suffered different degrees of losses. What is distinguished is only the amount of losses, such as the Lehman brothers, including the" two rooms "taken over by the US government and Belsden, which was acquired by JP Morgan Chase in March, etc. However, instead of estimating the direct loss of investors, it is better to consider the confidence in the financial market.

It specific to China, Guo Tianyong believes that the influence is at the two levels. The first level is market confidence. The institution of major problems in the United States went bankrupt one after another, and the psychology of Chinese investors was psychologically shaded.

It can be confirmed that the day after the news of the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, After the A -share end of the Mid -Autumn Festival, the market opened on the three -day holiday. The Shanghai and Shenzhen banks plummeted across the board. Its performance can only be described as "terrible". Among them, ICBC fell 9.95%, the construction bank fell 9.94%, and the Bank of China fell 9.17%. Under the vertical strike of multi -profit news, bank stocks of the Shanghai and Shenzhen cities plummeted by more than 9.0%throughout the day, up to 8 bank stocks to fall. According to the latest information disclosed yesterday, China Merchants Bank, which fell on the 16th, as of the 16th. Yesterday, a total of $ 70 million in bonds issued by Lehman Brothers Company. n Impact four ??

The direct loss to domestic financial institutions

The direct impact of the Lehman brothers bankruptcy on domestic financial institutions, including two aspects: on the one hand: on the one hand: on the one hand: , China's financial institutions and investors hold more sub -bonds to form actual losses; on the other hand, the financial crisis leads to a decline in the United States, which will be transmitted to China.
n Weekly "() Former executive editor -in -chief of the North American version, Robert Daolin (), senior visiting scholar of the School of Journalism and Communication of Tsinghua University, expressed his exclusive interview with our reporter. Worries of karma.

According to bankruptcy documents, the top 30 unsecured creditors of Lehman brothers are mainly Asian financial institutions, including Japan's Aozora Bank, Central Mitsui Trust, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial, Ruisui Industrial Bank, The Bank of China CCTV and domestic financial institutions were once again involved in it. According to reports, Lehman's arrears to Japan's Aozora Bank reached US $ 462 million, and the amount of debt in Ruisui Industrial Bank reached 382 million US dollars. The arrears are about $ 275 million, and the Bank of China New York Branch has also led Lehman to loan 50 million US dollars.

"Wall Street financial turmoil will also slowly slow down China's economic growth. After the Olympic Games, China's economic growth has slowed down, "said Daolin." The financial turmoil in the United States will only make this problem more serious. The financial storm caused the US stock index to plummet, and the Chinese government has purchased a large number of stocks on Wall Street, and Chinese banks and fund companies have also bought a large number of US funds. In addition, the difficulty of loans caused by the financial crisis will directly affect China's trade exports Essence "

" In fact, China's macroeconomic decline now is due to domestic economic factors, and some are indeed from the United States, from external. Guo Tianyong said, "We talk about input -type inflation. In fact, the economic recession is also input in a sense, because the United States is the world's largest economy, and its demand for goods and investment in various countries will be very large. Therefore, once there is a problem with the US economy, it may lead to the decline in the economy of the world or many major countries or the decline of the economy. "24785 hopes to help you!